Southwinds Local News for Southern Sailors - August 2000          Next Story

The KISS Type III
MSD holding tank system

By Charles E. Kanter


With ever growing government pressure concerning clean waters and overboard discharges of waste, more and more sailors are retrofitting holding tanks into their boat's plumbing systems. The original objection to the holding tanks--not enough places to pump them out--is slowly solving itself.

     The Florida Clean Waters Act convinced many people who hesitated to finally bite the bullet and install a USCG Type III no-discharge holding tank for use with their marine sanitation devices (MSDs). In everyday terms, MSD means the head on your boat.
     Many of the objections to holding tanks--yards of piping, esoteric "Y" valves, a myriad of fittings, cantankerous discharge systems, malodorous fumes, can be ameliorated with modern materials and clever installations. The KISS (Keep It Simple System) Type III no-discharge holding tank system with overboard capability (where legal) is the most advanced of those clever systems. Working on the KISS philosophy, it eliminates all but the essential system elements. Thus if you ain't got it, it can't break.


     If you are about to retrofit a holding tank to comply with the newer regulations or wish to upgrade from a less efficient system, how would you like to have a system that is self-cleaning, self-emptying, does not need "Y" valves, eliminates the need for a vented loop, eliminates the need for a macerator/pump, is easily cleaned and flushed, and is reliable?
     The KISS system allows you to install or retrofit the best possible working system without complicated plumbing or electrical connections, and it required drilling only two holes in the boat--a 1-inch hole for the vent pipe and a 1 3/4" hole for a deck pump out (assuming you already have the standard MSD inlet and outlet seacocks installed).


The concept
The concept is simplicity itself. The tank, installed above the waterline, is emptied overboard by gravity. All waste goes through the tank. The head pumps directly to the top of the tank as there is no "Y" valve or any other extra leak-prone joint in the system. The head itself can be either manual or electric.

holding tank image


     The outlet at the bottom of the holding tank leads to a "T" located as close to the seacock as possible. That hose should not have any loops or bends that could keep waste from flowing downward. One of the "T" openings goes to the seacock, the other to the deck pump-out fitting. To use the tank, you close the seacock. To flush straight through, you open the seacock. No complicated pumps or valves, no smelly, leaky vented loops. It means yards less piping, many less hose clamps, and electrical connections are not necessary. The EPA-required locking device is fitted at this seacock.
     The MSD pumps the waste up, above the waterline, into the holding tank. Gravity pulls it out. Simply by closing the outlet seacock, the holding tank is in use. If you are emptying it offshore, you just open the seacock and it drains by itself. To rinse, just pump the head. The system remains clean and fresh because there is no waste trapped in loops of piping, and when the tank is not in use, it is constantly being rinsed.
     Another important aspect to this system is that the tank is considerably higher than most, thus greatly reducing the amount of suction needed to clean out the tank from dockside pump-out facilities. By reducing the vacuum, the tank and hoses will last considerably longer and be less prone to operational failure.

Installation
  1. The MSD will be anti-siphon protected on the outlet side by the vented tank. If the MSD is located below the waterline, it may need anti-siphon protection, depending upon the make. In most multihull and small boat installations, the MSD is above the waterline.
  2. The tank must be secured above the waterline. In the case of a monohull sailboat, figure the top of the tank must be safely above the heeled waterline and the bottom must be above the upright waterline.
         The bridgedeck of a multihull makes an ideal location for a tank. Most catamarans and many trimarans have space in lockers in the foredeck area that are above the waterline, normally not easily accessible, and close to the boat centerline.
  3. It is important to place the deck clean-out line "Tee" as close to the outlet seacock as possible. This will leave the least amount of waste not pumped from your deck pump-out facility. It is imperative to use high quality hose that will not collapse under suction. Better still, where practical, use schedule 40 PVC pipe.
         Rigid PVC schedule 40 is an excellent piping material designed for that purpose. Use sweeps rather than elbows. Use caution when installing it so that the PVC is fastened in such a way as to not be susceptible to torque or vibration damage.
  4. With any holding tank system it is vital to keep the vent pipe clear. If the vent pipe is not clear, it is possible to build up pressure in the tank and either rupture the tank or blow the hoses off. In either event, a great unpleasantness will ensue. Do not use the cheap clear vinyl tubing. Use a high grade, thick wall, reinforced tubing. Have the vent so located that you can blast the freshwater hose down it occasionally to keep it clean. "Stuff" tends to grow in the vent hose if not looked after. Install the vent pipe free of severe bends.
Tanks
The very best tanks will be tall, round, polypropylene and have a hemispherical top and bottom. Both drain and inlet holes will be in the center of the hemisphere, thus making it close to impossible to leave any residue in the tank.
     The next best design would be a rectangular polypropylene tank with the drain on the bottom, and the most likely candidate will be a tank picked up at an RV store that has the outlet at the lower edge of one side. During installation, wedge the tank up slightly so that at normal rest position there is a minimum of residual water when emptied.
     The tank inlet from the MSD must be at the very top. The waste must free-fall to the bottom of the tank, leaving the top open to continue its secondary function as a vacuum break.

Tank size and shape
Free surface water is always a consideration. A low, flat tank with a lot of surface area can create a free-surface water problem when partially filled. If you use tall, skinny cylindrical tanks, you need not worry about free surface water and will have the most satisfactory shape. Even standing a rectangular tank on end will make a difference. It is important to be creative in your choice of tank and location. A tank standing on end could be installed in a large chain locker or hanging locker, perhaps directly above the outlet seacock.


     The holding tank should be sized by how you expect to use it. If you are going to spend the better part of your cruising at marinas, and you most often will be getting pumped out from your deck fitting, install the largest practical tank. If you are going to spend most of your time in waters where you will be mostly pumping straight through, a smaller tank will suffice. Small is about ten to fifteen gallons, large is 25 gallons and above. Rubber tanks will also work, but they are much harder to clean and flush and much harder to properly vent. If you figure a minimum required capacity of one half-gallon per day per person, you will be close to your size requirements.
     If you have a deck wash pump and hose, flushing through the vent is possible and practical. Just open the seacock, stick the hose in the vent pipe and fire away. The KISS MSD cuts the cost of installation considerably by eliminating many expensive parts. It makes operation virtually foolproof. No fancy instructions, no puzzling over which way the "Y" valve is turned, no more short-circuited rusty old macerator pumps. No more pumping of manual pumps. Elimination of the vented loop in the outlet, a major source of odor and malfunction, is axiomatic. The free flow of air from the vent to the tank and the open hose in the tank at a height considerably above the waterline subsume the vented loop function. Trouble-shooting guide In the event of a stoppage, except for the pipe from the MSD to the tank, the entire system is accessible from outside without any disassembly. Snakes, a water hose, or air pump can be used to back flush either from the seacock, the deck fitting or the vent pipe.
     If you expect many uninitiated users who might clog the system, I suggest creating a quick disassembly unit between the MSD and the tank. If you are using PVC pipe, I suggest a 1/4-turn valve with a standard coupling just below it, as close as possible to the MSD. Most stoppages from female sanitary products and diapers take place either in the joker valve of the MSD or at the entrance to the pipe. You need to be able to prevent the column of waste from back flushing when you disconnect the pipe from the MSD. If you are using a straight hose connection, you have a different problem and I suggest adding a valve between the MSD and the pipe. PVC 1/4-turn valves are available in all hardware stores. They have no metal parts to corrode and have no history of leakage. Certified locking device While it has been written that a wire tie is a satisfactory method of securing the seacock, I recommend a little overkill for the uninitiated, possibly nitpicking bureaucratic officer. Since the Coast Guard approves automatically all installations that meet their requirements ( CFR 159.11 Subpart B), there is need for this added precaution.
     In Key West we had an unprecedented case where a Florida Marine Patrol officer cited a boat operator who had a legal Type III device but had no certifying label. Since the USCG does not issue certification labels for type III installations, you must be prepared and cite the regulations yourself.
     A possible sign might look like this: USCG TYPE III NO DISCHARGE DEVICE Certified under Sub part B CFR 159.11 33 CFR 1 (7-1-94 Edition)
     An ordinary marine quality hasp can make an excellent locking device for the outlet seacock. Epoxy a block to the hull to receive the screws from the hinge side of the hasp. Locate it in such a way that when the seacock is closed, the hasp swings up, and the handle of the seacock in the closed position goes through the slot. Drill a hole through the handle of the seacock large enough to accommodate a small marine quality lock. Make an attractive sign to paste in the area designating "open" and "closed."
     Then relax and enjoy the simplicity and low maintenance of the KISS MSD holding tank installation.


Southwinds Home

Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000 Southwinds Media. All rights reserved.